Question Category

About Business ( کاروبار کے بارے میں )

Are Muslims required to make a written contract while lending money or making business transaction?

کیا مسلمانوں پر لازم ہے کے کسی کو پیسے دیتے وقت یا کوئی کاروباری سودا کرتے وقت تحریری معاہدہ کر لیا کریں؟

Surah Al-Baqarah: 2 - Ayah: 282
Arabic
يٰۤـاَيُّهَا الَّذِيۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡۤا اِذَا تَدَايَنۡتُمۡ بِدَيۡنٍ اِلٰٓى اَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى فَاكۡتُبُوۡهُ ​ؕ وَلۡيَكۡتُب بَّيۡنَكُمۡ كَاتِبٌۢ بِالۡعَدۡلِ​ وَلَا يَاۡبَ كَاتِبٌ اَنۡ يَّكۡتُبَ كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ اللّٰهُ​ فَلۡيَكۡتُبۡ ​ۚوَلۡيُمۡلِلِ الَّذِىۡ عَلَيۡهِ الۡحَـقُّ وَلۡيَتَّقِ اللّٰهَ رَبَّهٗ وَلَا يَبۡخَسۡ مِنۡهُ شَيۡـــًٔا ​ؕ فَاِنۡ كَانَ الَّذِىۡ عَلَيۡهِ الۡحَـقُّ سَفِيۡهًا اَوۡ ضَعِيۡفًا اَوۡ لَا يَسۡتَطِيۡعُ اَنۡ يُّمِلَّ هُوَ فَلۡيُمۡلِلۡ وَلِيُّهٗ بِالۡعَدۡلِ​ؕ وَاسۡتَشۡهِدُوۡا شَهِيۡدَيۡنِ مِنۡ رِّجَالِكُمۡ​ۚ فَاِنۡ لَّمۡ يَكُوۡنَا رَجُلَيۡنِ فَرَجُلٌ وَّامۡرَاَتٰنِ مِمَّنۡ تَرۡضَوۡنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَآءِ اَنۡ تَضِلَّ اِحۡدٰٮهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرَ اِحۡدٰٮهُمَا الۡاُخۡرٰى​ؕ وَ لَا يَاۡبَ الشُّهَدَآءُ اِذَا مَا دُعُوۡا ​ؕ وَلَا تَسۡـــَٔمُوۡۤا اَنۡ تَكۡتُبُوۡهُ صَغِيۡرًا اَوۡ كَبِيۡرًا اِلٰٓى اَجَلِهٖ​ؕ ذٰ لِكُمۡ اَقۡسَطُ عِنۡدَ اللّٰهِ وَاَقۡوَمُ لِلشَّهَادَةِ وَاَدۡنٰۤى اَلَّا تَرۡتَابُوۡٓا اِلَّاۤ اَنۡ تَكُوۡنَ تِجَارَةً حَاضِرَةً تُدِيۡرُوۡنَهَا بَيۡنَكُمۡ فَلَيۡسَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ جُنَاحٌ اَلَّا تَكۡتُبُوۡهَا ​ؕ وَاَشۡهِدُوۡۤا اِذَا تَبَايَعۡتُمۡ وَلَا يُضَآرَّ كَاتِبٌ وَّلَا شَهِيۡدٌ  ؕ وَاِنۡ تَفۡعَلُوۡا فَاِنَّهٗ فُسُوۡقٌ ۢ بِكُمۡ ؕ وَ اتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ​ ؕ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ اللّٰهُ​ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ بِكُلِّ شَىۡءٍ عَلِيۡمٌ‏ 
English
Believers! Whenever you contract a debt from one another for a known term, commit it to writing. Let a scribe write it down between you justly, and the scribe may not refuse to write it down according to what Allah has taught him; so let him write, and let the debtor dictate; and let him fear Allah, his Lord, and curtail no part of it. If the debtor be feebleminded, weak, or incapable of dictating, let his guardian dictate equitably, and call upon two of your men as witnesses; but if two men are not there, then let there be one man and two women as witnesses from among those acceptable to you so that if one of the two women should fail to remember, the other might remind her. Let not the witnesses refuse when they are summoned (to give evidence). Do not show slackness in writing down the transaction, whether small or large, along with the term of its payment. That is fairest in the sight of Allah; it is best for testimony and is more likely to exclude all doubts. If it be a matter of buying and selling on the spot, it is not blameworthy if you do not write it down; but do take witnesses when you settle commercial transactions with one another. And the scribe or the witness may be done no harm. It will be sinful if you do so. Beware of the wrath of Allah. He teaches you the Right Way and has full knowledge of everything.
Urdu
Aey logon jo iman laye ho, jab kisi muqarrar muddat ke liye tum aapas mein qarz ka lein dein karo to usey likh liya karo. Fareeqain ke darmiyan insaaf ke saath ek shaks dastawez (document) tehrir karey. Jisey Allah ne likhe padhne ki kaabiliyat bakshi ho, usey likhne se inkar na karna chahiye. Woh likhey aur imla (dictate) woh shaks karaye jispar haqq aata hai (yaani qarz lene wala), aur usey Allah, apne Rubb se darna chahiye ke jo maamla tai ho usmein koi kami beshi na karey. Lekin agar qarz lene wala khud nadaan ya zaeef ho, ya imla na kara sakta ho, to uska wali insaaf ke saath imla karaye, phir apne mardon mein se do aadmiyon ki ispar gawahi karalo aur agar do Mard na hon to ek Mard aur do auratein hon, taa-ke ek bhool jaye to dusri usey yaad dila de. Yeh gawaah aisey logon mein se honi chahiye jinki gawahi tumhare darmiyan maqbool ho. Gawahon ko jab gawaah banney ke liye kaha jaye, to unhein inkar na karna chahiye. Maamla khwa chota ho ya bada, miyaad ki taeen (specified term) ke saath uski dastawez (documents) likhwa lene mein tasahul (neglect) na karo. Allah ke nazdeek yeh tareeqa tumhare liye zyada mabni bar Insaaf hai, issey shahadat qayam honay mein zyada sahulat hoti hai, aur tumhare shukook o shubhaaat mein mubtila honay ka imkan kam reh jata hai. Haan jo tijarati lein dein dast ba dast tumlog aapas mein karte ho, usko na likha jaye to koi harj nahin, magar tijarati maamle tai karte waqt gawah karliya karo. Kaatib (scribe) aur gawah ko sataya na jaye , aisa karoge to gunaah ka irteqaab karoge. Allah ke gazab se bacho, woh tumko saheeh tareeq e amal ki taleem deta hai aur usey har cheez ka ilm hai
Surah Al-Baqarah: 2 - Ayah: 283
Arabic
وَاِنۡ كُنۡتُمۡ عَلٰى سَفَرٍ وَّلَمۡ تَجِدُوۡا كَاتِبًا فَرِهٰنٌ مَّقۡبُوۡضَةٌ ​ ؕ فَاِنۡ اَمِنَ بَعۡضُكُمۡ بَعۡضًا فَلۡيُؤَدِّ الَّذِى اؤۡتُمِنَ اَمَانَـتَهٗ وَلۡيَتَّقِ اللّٰهَ رَبَّهٗ​ؕ وَلَا تَكۡتُمُوا الشَّهَادَةَ ​ ؕ وَمَنۡ يَّكۡتُمۡهَا فَاِنَّهٗۤ اٰثِمٌ قَلۡبُهٗ​ؕ وَ اللّٰهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُوۡنَ عَلِيۡمٌ‏
English
And if you are on a journey and do not find a scribe to write the document then resort to taking pledges in hand. But if any of you trusts another, let him who is trusted, fulfil the trust and fear Allah, his Lord. And do not conceal what you have witnessed, for whoever conceals it, his heart is sinful. Allah has full knowledge of all that you do.
Urdu
Agar tum safar ki haalat mein ho aur dastawez likhne ke liye koi kaatib (scribe) na miley to rehan bil qabz (security of a pledge in hand ) par maamla karo, agar tum mein se koi shaks dusre par bharosa karke iske saath koi maamla karey to jispar bharosa kiya gaya hai usey chahiye ke amanat ada karey aur Allah apne Rubb se darey aur shahadat hargiz na chupao. Jo shahadat chupata hai uska dil gunaah mein aaluda hai aur Allah tumhare aamaal se bekhabar nahin hai